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Wildfire Smoke Exposure Guidance

Wildfire smoke is a separate occupational hazard from heat: it is tracked as its own smoke_overlay rule type and is never averaged into the heat work/rest composite. California's rule is AQI-for-PM2.5-canonical; Oregon's and Washington's rules are PM2.5-canonical (EPA revised its AQI breakpoints in 2024, so PM2.5 concentration is the stable denominator for those two rules).

EPA 2024 PM2.5 AQI breakpoints

AQIPM2.5 µg/m³ (24h avg)Category
0–500.0–9.0Good
51–1009.1–35.4Moderate
101–15035.5–55.4Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups
151–20055.5–125.4Unhealthy
201–300125.5–225.4Very Unhealthy
301–500225.5–325.4Hazardous

PM2.5 columns are read live from FORMULAS.aqiToPm25() at each AQI band edge, not retyped — see EPA Air Quality System breakpoints (revised February 2024, 89 FR 16202).

State respirator thresholds

California Division of Occupational Safety and Health — Cal/OSHA Protection from Wildfire Smoke (Title 8 §5141.1)

California wildfire smoke protection regulation (Title 8 §5141.1). PM2.5-specific AQI standard for occupational wildfire smoke exposure. Canonical metric: Current AQI for PM2.5.

AQI for PM2.5Respirator requirement
150AQI for PM2.5 below Cal/OSHA §5141.1 trigger (151).
151.1Voluntary — AQI for PM2.5 ≥151 (respirator voluntary)
500.1Full RPP — AQI for PM2.5 above 500 (respirator mandatory)

Wildfire smoke overlays are excluded from the work/rest composite and are never averaged with WBGT-based standards.

Full standard page →

Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division (Oregon OSHA) — Oregon OSHA Protection from Wildfire Smoke (OAR 437-002-1081)

Oregon wildfire smoke protection rule (OAR 437-002-1081 / 437-004-9791). PM2.5 concentration is canonical; AQI equivalents shift with EPA breakpoints. Canonical metric: Ambient PM2.5 concentration (µg/m³).

PM2.5Respirator requirement
34.5 µg/m³PM2.5 below Oregon OSHA wildfire smoke training trigger (35.5 µg/m³).
35.6 µg/m³Voluntary — PM2.5 ≥35.5 µg/m³ (training + voluntary respirator)
201 µg/m³Mandatory FFR — PM2.5 ≥200.9 µg/m³ (mandatory filtering facepiece use)
500.5 µg/m³Full RPP — PM2.5 ≥500.4 µg/m³ (full respiratory protection program)

Wildfire smoke overlays are excluded from the work/rest composite and are never averaged with WBGT-based standards.

Full standard page →

Washington State Department of Labor & Industries (L&I/DOSH) — Washington L&I / DOSH Wildfire Smoke Rule (WAC 296-820)

Washington permanent wildfire smoke rule (chapter WAC 296-820, effective 2024; supersedes the emergency WAC 296-62-085). Based on PM2.5 concentration; PM2.5 thresholds are canonical and did not change with the EPA 2024 AQI breakpoint revision. Canonical metric: PM2.5 concentration (µg/m³).

PM2.5Respirator requirement
19.5 µg/m³PM2.5 below Washington wildfire smoke training trigger (20.5 µg/m³).
20.6 µg/m³Voluntary — PM2.5 ≥20.5 µg/m³ (training/notification + voluntary respirator)
35.6 µg/m³Voluntary — PM2.5 ≥35.5 µg/m³ (mandatory exposure controls + voluntary N95)
500.5 µg/m³Full RPP — PM2.5 ≥500.4 µg/m³ (mandatory full respiratory protection program)
555.1 µg/m³Full RPP — PM2.5 ≥555.0 µg/m³ (mandatory respirator, APF ≥ 25)

Wildfire smoke overlays are excluded from the work/rest composite and are never averaged with WBGT-based standards.

Full standard page →

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